Open Access
Subscription Access
A Circuit Approach for CMOS VLSI Circuit Leakage Power Reduction
Abstract
Despite the fact that scaling CMOS technology boosted speed, leakage currents always remained an issue. The issue has gotten worse as the scaling has gone into the UDSM (ultra-deep-submicron) range. In order for the circuit to function effectively, these unwanted leakage currents must be reduced to a minimum. It is challenging to create these leakage-free nano-scale CMOS circuits. In this work, the issue of leakage power is addressed, which occurs when device channel lengths fall below 100 nm. We propose a circuit technique for reducing device leakage currents by adjusting the voltage at the MOSFET source terminus. The suggested solution decreases the CMOS inverter’s static and total power dissipation by 98% and 30%, respectively. According to simulation studies, employing the same technique, NAND and NOR gates achieved total power improvements of 15.90% and 18.88% over traditional designs, respectively. The proposed method is investigated, and simulation results of an 11-stage CMOS ring oscillator are given Circuits constructed in the manner described yield PDP (Power-Delay Products).
Keywords
References
Il’ina MV, Soboleva OI, Khubezov SA, Smirnov VA, Il’in OI. Study of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for creation of piezoelectric nanogenerator. J Low Power Electron Appl. 2023; 13 (1): 11.
Das M, Barg S, Haller S, Bakar MA, Rezaee A, Bertilsson K. State of art of designing power electronics converter for low voltage motor drives for electric vehicle. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid and Renewable Energy (PESGRE2020); Cochin, India: IEEE; 2 Jan 2020. 1–6 pp.
Nell M, Butterweck D, Hameyer K, Eryilmaz O. Design of a 48V electric all-wheel-drive system for a hybrid vehicle. In 2018 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC) IEEE; Long Beach, CA, USA: IEEE; Jun 13 2018; 513–518 pp.
Zhang Y, Liu Q, Gao Y, Li J, Sumner M. Hybrid switched-capacitor/switched-quasi-Z-source bidirectional DC–DC converter with a wide voltage gain range for hybrid energy sources EVs. In 2018 IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. IEEE; 29 Jun 2018; 2680–2690 pp. 5. Seong J, Yoon SW, Kim MK, Lim J, Jeon J, Park S et al. Integrated motor-inverter power module for electric compressor (e-Compressor) in 48V mild hybrid vehicles. In 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE); Portland, OR, USA: IEEE; 23 Sep 2018; 4659–4663 pp.
Lautner J, Piepenbreier B. Performance comparison of cascodeganhemt and simosfet based inverter for motor drive applications. In 2017 IEEE 12th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems (PEDS); IEEE; 12 Dec 2017; pp. 81–87 pp.
Mahalik S, Bhanu Teja M. Leakage power reduction in CMOS VLSI. Int J Eng Res Technol. 2014; 3 (5): 2391–2394.
Ferre A, Figueras J. Characterization of leakage power in CMOS technologies. In 1998 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems. Surfing the Waves of Science and Technology (Cat. No. 98EX196); Lisboa, Portugal: IEEE; 7 Sep 1998; 185–188 pp.
Abdollahi A, Pedram M, Fallah F. Runtime mechanisms for leakage current reduction in CMOS VLSI Circuits 1, 2. In Proceedings of the 2002 international symposium on Low power electronics and design. 12 Aug 2002; 213–218 pp.
Roy K, Mukhopadhyay S, Mahmoodi-Meimand H. Leakage current mechanisms and leakage reduction techniques in deep-submicrometer CMOS circuits. In Proceedings of the IEEE. Feb 2003; 91 (2): 305–327 pp.
Cao J, Emadi A. A new battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system for electric, hybrid, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. In 2011 IEEE Transactions on power electronics. 5 May 2011; 27 (1): 122–132 pp.
Hüning F. Power semiconductors for the automotive 48V board net. In PCIM Europe 2016; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management; Nuremberg, Germany: VDE; 10 May 2016; 1–7 pp.
Nell M, Butterweck D, Hameyer K, Eryilmaz O. Design of a 48V electric all-wheel-drive system for a hybrid vehicle. In 2018 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC); Long Beach, CA, USA: IEEE; 2018 Jun 13; 513–518 pp.
Bao J, Boynov K, Paulides JJ, Wjinands K, Lomonova EA. Comparison of 48V rare-earth-free reluctance traction motor drives for mild hybrid powertrain. In 2016 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC); Hangzhou, China: IEEE; 17 Oct 2016; 1–6 pp.
Saez-de-Ibarra A, Martinez-Laserna E, Stroe DI, Swierczynski M, Rodriguez P. Sizing study of second life Li-ion batteries for enhancing renewable energy grid integration. In IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. IEEE; 19 July 2016; 4999–5008 pp.
Hossain E, Murtaugh D, Mody J, Faruque HM, Sunny MS, Mohammad N. A comprehensive review on second-life batteries: current state, manufacturing considerations, applications, impacts, barriers and potential solutions, business strategies, and policies. IEEE Access. 20 May 2019; 73215–73252 pp.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications